Political unrest is a term that encompasses a wide range of activities, from large-scale protests to riots and antigovernment demonstrations. Whether it is fueled by an increase in subway fares, the loss of a job, or discrimination against women and minorities, political unrest demonstrates that people care about making changes to their lives. This often results in non-violent protests and other forms of civil disobedience, but it can also lead to violence if the right conditions are met.
A common cause of political unrest is severe inequality that leads to distrust in government institutions and mobilizes dissent. This is particularly pronounced in places with high income disparities between the rich and poor, such as in Chile or Lebanon. These disparities can be caused by a variety of factors, including corruption, inefficient governance, and a lack of social services. When combined with a catalyzing crisis and inspired leadership, this can lead to revolutions or movements toward democracy.
Other causes of political unrest include environmental degradation and resource scarcity. Climate change is already impacting livelihoods around the world, and the inability of governments to respond to these challenges can create a fertile ground for unrest among affected populations. Additionally, the rapid pace of globalization is leading to cultural tensions, which can be exploited by demagogues and nationalists looking for votes and power.