The goal of peace talks is to find a peaceful resolution of conflict between warring parties. The concept has traditionally focused on a national-level process involving key governmental and non-governmental leaders. However, there is increasing interest in broadening the scope of peace talks to broader constituencies and stakeholders impacted by the conflict.
The decision to launch peace talks depends on the negotiating partners and their readiness. It is also influenced by the stipulations that are placed on these negotiations. The stipulations are often determined by the negotiating partners themselves, but are shaped by the mediation process and external actors.
If the stipulations are inconsistent with international law and the principles of peace and security, they can be an obstacle to a successful outcome. The stipulations in the Oslo agreements for example, ran contrary to international law and upheld Israeli control over Palestinian land and water resources. This undermined Palestinian self-determination and statehood, and was a serious impediment to a lasting settlement of the conflict.
Involvement of all major players is also a critical factor. If some key stakeholders are excluded, a peace settlement may lack legitimacy and could be subject to the threat of spoiling by outsiders. This is particularly true if the excluded groups feel left out of the political process and their representation in government.
Finally, the timing of peace talks is also important. If a peace process is launched when one of the warring parties feels compelled to continue fighting for military gains, they will not be in a position to negotiate from strength.