A state of emergency is a government declaration that states that, due to some crisis, the normal workings of politics and society have been suspended. This is an extraordinary measure that enables the government to alter how it operates, order certain actions by citizens, and suspend regular civil rights. It’s not as scary as it sounds; it can be revoked by the President at any time, and there are often limitations put in place to prevent abuse.
A state of emergency can be triggered by an armed rebellion, natural disaster, or even a civil disturbance. It typically expires after 30 days, but can be extended. During this period, most civil liberties can be suspended, but basic human rights (such as the right to life and the ban on torture) cannot. The President can also appoint a military governor or a civilian administrator to handle the situation. The Prime Minister can also enact temporary regulations to protect public safety and security.
A state of emergency puts many emergency programs into motion, including a 24-hour National Joint Operation Center and federal grants. It also often triggers other volunteer groups such as the Red Cross and The Salvation Army, and radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES). In addition to these private organizations, a state of emergency can put in place specialized services like firefighting or hazmat response teams. A state of emergency can also allow the Governor to certify that the city or state is suffering a “major disaster,” a designation that allows it access to additional federal funding.